Answer to Question 1:

Hi Paul,

If that employee is a Safety Representative then there is protection provided against any discrimination by his employer supported by the HSA.  

For an “ordinary employee” the HSA will not disclose the source of their information so that the employer will not be aware of who made the compliant.  With regard to refusing to work, every employee has a contract of employment and normally the withdrawal of services can only be carried out through an agreed forum if the employee steps outside this agreed forum then he is breaking his contract of employment and could face disciplinary procedures regardless of risk involved.  The best approach for the employee is to bring the unsafe matter to the attention of his immediate Supervisor or elected Safety Representative and deal with the matter through the normal channel.  If this does not work then contact the HSA without giving the name and report the situation.